Bahasa Indonesia uses prefix, affix, and infixes to form verbs. It is used in nouns, numbers, and even verbs to create new meaning. Prefix me- is mostly used to form active verbs.
Indonesian me- Prefix Formula
The use of prefix me- may make minor changes to the spelling or infliction to create smooth pronunciation transition. The changes usually depend on the first letter.
| First letter | Inflection | Root words | Example | Meaning |
| Vowel, g, h | Me + ng | Asap Gadai Hisap |
Mengasap
Menggadai Menghisap |
Fumigate
To pawn To suck |
| l, m, ny, r, w | Me + root words | Lelang Masang Nyanyi Rusak Wabah |
Melelang
Memasang Menyanyi Merusak Mewabah |
To auction
To install To sing To destroy Epidemic |
| c, d, j | Me+ n+ root word | Capai
Desain Jamin |
Mencapai
Mendesain Menjamin |
To reach
To design To guarantee |
| b, f, v | Me+ m+ root word | Buka
Fokus Vonis |
Membuka
Memfokus Memvonis |
To open
To focus To sentence |
| k | Me+ ng+ drop ‘k’ | Kembang | Mengembang | To bloom |
| t | Me+ n+ drop ‘t’ | Tinju | Meninju | To punch |
| s | Me+ ny+ drop ‘s’ | Sapu | Menyapu | To sweep |
| p | Me+ ny+ drop ‘p’ | Pikat | Memikat | To lure |
Note:
- For one syllable word or monosyllabic, regardless the first letter, prefix me+ will always become menge- + root word. For example lap (wipe) become mengelap (to wipe), cat (paint) become mengecat (to paint).
- For words with starting letter q, x, and z the infliction will adapted from the existing pronunciation for example q and x included in g rules while z included in j rules.
Those are the prefix me- combining rules, now we move to combination of the prefix with nouns, adjectives, verbs, numbers, places, and expletive words. Learn also Indonesian prefix table.
1. Indonesian me- Prefix + transitive verbs
In Bahasa Indonesia, transitive verbs cannot be used in its infinitive form without adding prefixes. There is few words exception, though, but most of transitive should be conjugated with prefixes.
| Root word | Example | Meaning | Remarks |
| Sapu | Ibu menyapu lantai
|
Mother sweeps the floor | ‘sapu’ cannot be used in the infinitive form. |
| Masak | Ibu memasak nasi
Ibu masak nasi (non formal) |
Mother cooks rice | ‘masak’ can be used in the infinitive form. |
| Makan | Ayah makan nasi | Father eats rice | ‘makan’ is used in the infinitive form. |
Also learn about Indonesian (me-) Prefix
2. Indonesian me- Prefix intransitive verbs
Intransitive verbs are the kind of verbs which cannot have objects. In English, it is likely similar to reflexive verbs. Different from transitive verbs, intransitive verbs are mostly used in the infinitive form. Only few of transitive verbs which can be conjugated with prefix me-. Learn more about Indonesian prefix ber.
| Root word | Example | Meaning | Remarks |
| Nangis | Adik menangis
Adik nangis (casual) |
Sister cries
Sister cries |
‘nangis’ can be used with or without prefix me- |
| Tari (to dance) | Santi menari | Santi dances | ‘tari’ cannot be used in infinitive form |
3. Indonesian me- Prefix + noun
When combined with noun, prefix me- can create new meaning which may be different from the root words. Lean more about high frequency words in Indonesia.
- To turn a subject into noun, sometimes it is figuratively.
Kuping (ear) → menguping (eavesdrop)
Batu (stone) → membatu (petrify) - To produce the noun
Rokok (cigarette) → merokok (smoking) - To do work with noun
Bajak (plow) → membajak (to plow, hijack) - To put the noun into verbs
Cat (paint) → mengecat ( to paint)
The combination of prefix me- with noun is the trickiest part of the language because not all noun can be conjugated with me-. Also, the meaning of the words highly depends on the culture. Also learn Indonesian infixes table.
4. Indonesian Me- + adjectives
Prefix me- combines with adjectives usually indicates subject changes or turn to indicated adjective. Learn more about Indonesian adjectives words.
- Putih ( white ) → memutih ( to turn white)
- Besar ( big) → membesar ( to become big)
- Panas ( hot) → memanas ( to become hotter)
Adjectives combine with prefix me- can also describe emotions or situation. Prefix me- is one of the basic grammar in Bahasa Indonesia. It is used in sentences and daily conversation to describe objects.